It's possible, but not easy.
Cherry MX and Alps are very easy to make a custom board with. You just need a plate or PCB for the switches to mount in and then hook them up in a matrix with diodes to a Teensy.
Capacitive switches (and particularly Topre style) are a whole lot harder. The PCB needs to be designed very carefully since stray capacitance will affect the performance. Then you need a controller that works with the particular capacitances yielded by your PCB design and the particular springs used. Then you need to get the rubber domes to match your layout (I think you can separate the domes from a donor board if you're careful). Then you have the basic functional pieces in place, but you still need a way to mount the sliders. This requires a special plate with slider supports, since the sliders are not supported by the actual switch mechanism, but only by the plate.
With a CNC machined or 3D printed plate and case and well-designed PCB it is doable, but you still need a donor board to get the domes and springs from, so it is expensive. Also you may need to tweak the controller to get it to sense the switches properly. For most people it's just too much work and too much cost to justify. On the other hand, it may be worth it if you're a Topre fan, there isn't a board out there that really suits you and you have good CAD and electronics skills.