i'm not entirely sure, but i think you have to mix dye into abs when it's in a liquid state.
i am working on an acetone vapor pressure smoothing station that might be able to do what you want, but it works by depolymerizing a (hopefully very thin) layer of abs at the surface of the object (eg, a printed object with filament striations). basically, you'll substantially change the cap, which is not what you want. with pbt you can sublimate the dye into the polymer structure, but it's not clear to me how to do that with abs...
there are low temp sublimation dyes, but i'm not sure if there's anything that's low enough to hit abs's glass transition @ 100C...
blj is probably the person to ask about this.