regular teensy 2.0 should be fine for most diy keyboards. if you're gong to do a full size, you're better off with a teensy ++2.0 (more i/o pins)
as far as using shift as you would like... it would work if you didn't "hold" shift. (if shift was only tapped like the alpha keys)
in qmk (a fork of tmk) there is... "LT(layer, kc)" which is: Turn on layer when held, kc when tapped. again, which would work, if you didn't normally hold shift for normal use. you could easily assign this to another key, say "d" for example... when tapped it would be "d" when held, it would be Fn.
the "LT(layer, kc)" was made for existing boards that had limited keys that you couldn't dedicate a specific key to be Fn only. which is a really nice workaround.
you could also try a macro to get the desired output... shift + backspace = (outputs) delete.
there's also auto shift in qmk
https://beta.docs.qmk.fm/using-qmk/software-features/feature_auto_shiftthere's a couple ways to do what you want, just need to decide what is the best option for you.
if this board is only for writing, check out some of the tiny 40%+ keyboards. they are too small for what i need, but should be great for just writing.
qmk documentation:
https://beta.docs.qmk.fm/layers:
https://beta.docs.qmk.fm/using-qmk/software-features/feature_layers#switching-and-toggling-layersanyway, hope this helps answer some questions. do not hesitate to ask another or continue the dialog.