The Teensy 2.0 and Teensy 3.6 have very different microcontrollers in them so you can't use existing firmware for the ErgoDox right away. Luckily, there exists firmware that should support Freescale but you would still have to adapt it for the ErgoDox. The I/O expander in the left half should support 3.3V.
The WS2811 can drive only one LED at once.
Individually adressable RGB LEDs would be
a lot of hand-wiring (three times that of the keyboard matrix) so you would want to make a PCB.
If you will be making your own PCB then you might as well put the keyboard on there as well ... and a board design for that already exists:
https://github.com/antevens/ErgoDox (But I am not sure if anyone actually printed one and tested it...)
If you just want backlighting then it would be easier to get the
Infinity ErgoDox instead. It has support for it from the beginning but it is only one colour. It is not compatible with any components for the regular ErgoDox but it has the same layout.