Hi,
1. Can you take a picture of the power connector?
2. Are there any indications like in this page?
https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/content/walladapter.html outside connector ==> ---(•--- <== Inside connector
3. Also, if you can take it apart and look at any chips in the inside, near the power connector there may be a way to tell what the regulator can stand.
Once apart you can probably use an ohm meter to see if the outside or inside connector is connected to ground.
Once you know the polarity you could probably start small, like 5 volts, see it it powers up, then try 8, 12, 16v