Hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) is the active chemical in Retr0bright, whatever recipe you use.
It is a
kind of bleach. You should not use chlorine-based bleach because that its a completely different chemical.
H
2O
2 does need to be activated, however. Either:
1) Heat: Between 50°C and 80°C. It might not be that easy to keep the temperature within that range, and if it gets too warm the plastic will warp. Some recipes contain a bleaching detergent such as OxyClean that contains TAED which helps H
2O
2 work in lower temperatures — but with the drawback that the detergent foams.
2) UV radiation, which is part of sunlight (the rays that that give you a sun-burn). The most common method is to leave it in the sun.
Larger parts such as keyboard and computer enclosures are often coated in peroxide gel/cream, wrapped in cling film and left in the sun to "develop".
Retr0bright should not bleach the letters, only return the plastic to its original colour. Only if you leave it for too long will you get white marks in the plastic.
You could of course get streaks if you apply gel or cream too unevenly.
It could perhaps weaken the plastic, but plastic weakens with age anyway... so I don't think anyone can say how much is due to H
2O
2, really.
And BTW. Congrats on the keyboard!