Sure they can - latex mod. Open the switches, apply a dab of liquid latex to the case top where the slider hits it, let it dry and reassemble. May as well trampoline mod and maybe lube the switches / change springs, etc if you want to while the switches are open.
Eww.. Latex is a natural product and it deteriorates with exposure to air, heat, oils etc. It will turn really gooey and smell horribly in a few years. While latex has its uses, I would never use it for anything that I want to last.
Hmmm... Well, it is used for many commercial products: swimming caps, mattresses, to seal zippers on weatherproof clothing, etc.
There are different formulations and how long it lasts depends largely on the environment. If it is used in a cool, dry environment it can last 20 years or more.
If it bothers you, then thin self-adhesive rubber sheet will do the job. It has to be quite thin so as not to reduce the key travel much. The BEST material for this is actually sorbothane since it absorbs shock really well, but finding a thin enough self-adhesive sheet is difficult.
Also, for the trampolines, you could try these:
http://imsto.cn/index.php?route=product/product&path=61&product_id=88I'm going to buy some to try on my next board and see how they compare to the ones I punch myself from silicon rubber sheet.
I have found stock MX Clears to be the easiest switches to not bottom out with. I like the feeling of plate mounted switches with thick POM caps on (even denser than PBT and I like the semi-slick feeling). Thick PBT is my second choice, but I am not such a fan of the "dry", high friction feeling. Orings and trampolines do reduce the shock to your fingers when bottoming out and they can both help you to learn to do so less, by making the point of impact more progressive and less sudden, so you can feel where it starts to get harder and train your fingers to stop at that point. I prefer the trampolines, though, since they are more consistent, can be tuned to your preferences (softer or harder material, where they start to have effect, etc) and don't depend on the keycap type (DCS profile keycaps from SP, for example, don't have the structural cross-pieces and so need different sized orings for different rows). You don't need to open switches to use orings, though.