Thanks. The Enter key does indeed pop off. It has a stabilizer with two tabs, so putting it back is a little bit tricky, but not impossible. (I did it by first putting the Enter key back with its spring in the right place, tipping the keyboard back as you say, and fixing up the stabilizer afterwards by popping the Enter key again but not removing it entirely from the keyboard. To check the stabilizer was in place I removed the two nearby keys, the useless key and the ] key.)
The big-ass Enter from the PC-AT has a 'hole' or empty barrel jacket at the top. Its middle position has the normal plastic hollow peg that the spring goes inside. But on the left side of the Enter key, the part that will take the place of the useless key on my keyboard, there is a solid peg. So to use the big-ass Enter unmodified I don't just need to pop off the useless key, but also remove its spring. To do that, I would have to open the keyboard, right?
Since this is my main and only keyboard at work I won't do that now, though I may have a spare F122 somewhere which I could make use of for experiments.
I note that on a modern UK-layout keyboard the key nestled beside Enter is for # and ~. I might find out if there is a way to reprogram the converter to bind it. (I have one of the DIN-to-USB cables with the converter built in, and I think it uses some chip other than an Teensy, but there may still be a way to load new firmware.)