Well if it works fine without the breakout, and doesn't with it, I'd say that it is to blame. if it had been a more complex addition, then one could argue that the Phantom isn't compatible with it and it is the Phantom's fault. In this case, the breakout shouldn't really do anything and the Phantom can't be incompatible with it.
Regarding the "doesn't work" statement, does the teensy light up at all? Do you get any sort of response whatsoever?