thanks a lot for the replies

everything's noted!
went ahead and used lemon juice and a toothbrush, but it sort of dissolved the top (coating?) of the metal:
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as you can see at the top left, it left the area a bit black-ish. the rest looks like it's sort of bleached and it feels smooth (while the center part feels textured. i guess that texture is some kind of coating).
i got Rust Oleum paint recommended to protect the metal (thanks fohat!).
can i just paint/spray the plate as-is, or does it need some kind of other treatment first?
Any thick enough insulating material should do the job, but you may have difficulty finding something that will work just as well as the original. Why not just put the original back in again, it's inside the case, so it's not going to be visible.
yeah, my fear is that it won't work as well as the original.
but here's the thing:
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even before pulling it off, it was full of 'cracks', and pulling it off gave it a bunch more. it also curled up like that because of the pulling.
on top of that, the double-sided tape that attached the plastic sheet to the metal is
quite stuck. i probably could get it off, but i bet it would take 2+ hours to remove the tape and then remove all of that residue.
(feels like a waste of time because of the shape of the plastic..)
i found this place-mat, any idea if it would do the trick?

it's some kind of translucent plastic. not sure what else to say because i am a total noob.
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oh, i also dumped a bunch of screws and springs in lemon juice for a few hours, but they look like i burned off the coating there as well:
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can it hurt to just put them back into the board like this, or should i give them some protective layer/coating as well..?
sorry about that wall. this is pretty much my first 'restoration' project, and i'm just struggling
