Wire is wire so you can certainly use a USB cable for this, putting ground/VCC on the edge pins is good as it ensures the chip is powered up before it's expected to communicate.
The only thing wrong with your schematic is SDA goes to SDA and SCL to SCL not VDD and VSS, and you should have resistors between VCC-SDA and VCC-SCL. I'm ignoring the little VCC pad between pins 2 and 3