Author Topic: Lighten Model F spacebar?  (Read 6929 times)

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Offline jaczac

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Lighten Model F spacebar?
« on: Mon, 05 September 2016, 17:28:46 »
I picked up a model f awhile back and while its amazingly satisfying to type on, the spacebar is insanely heavy(ie, i ran out of quarters testing the actuation force). Is there any way to make it much lighter? Is it a problem with the stabilizers?

Offline mike52787

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #1 on: Mon, 05 September 2016, 17:33:38 »
I picked up a model f awhile back and while its amazingly satisfying to type on, the spacebar is insanely heavy(ie, i ran out of quarters testing the actuation force). Is there any way to make it much lighter? Is it a problem with the stabilizers?
Never did it to mine, but you need to bend the stab wire a bit, dont remember how. The XT is a pain in the ass to get back together due to the spacebar as well.

Offline jaczac

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #2 on: Mon, 05 September 2016, 17:42:30 »
Ah, I found a thread. Thanks for the guidance!

Offline y11971alex

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #3 on: Mon, 05 September 2016, 23:01:31 »
I measured the Model F spacebar at around 140 to 150 grams.  :D
Keyboards owned: IBM Selectric | 3278 | 3101 | 5251 | Model F XT | AT | 122 (6110344) | Model M 1390120 | 1390131 | 1391472 | 1392464 (DisplayWriter SSK) | 1395100 (SSK) | Honeywell RD IBM 09F4230 | Leading Edge DC-2014 (Blue Alps) | Chicony 5891 (Monterey Blue) | E&E-101 (KPT Blue) | BTC 5100 | 5100C | 5369 | DEC VT100 (Hi-tek Linear) | Burroughs TP109 (Hall) | Realforce 87 (55g)

Keyboards wanted: IBM Model F 104 (Unsaver) | Model M 1391401

Offline fohat.digs

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #4 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 07:15:52 »
I measured the Model F spacebar at around 140 to 150 grams.  :D

The 122-key terminal is very nice and perhaps even marginally lighter than the Model M space bar.

It is the smaller models with mile-long space bars that are so heavy.
"However, even though I was born in the Mesozoic, I do know what anyone who wants to reach out to young people should say: Billionaires took your money. They took your chance to buy a home. They took your chance at a good education. They stole your opportunities. Billionaires took the things you want in life. If you really want those things, you have to take them back.
That's the message. That's the whole message. Say that every day, not just to reach America's frustrated young white men, but people of every age, race, and gender.
Late-stage capitalism is a wealth-concentration engine, focused on vacuuming up every dollar and putting it in as few hands as possible. Republicans are helping that vacuum suck.
How does a tiny fraction of the population get away with this? They do it by dividing the other 99% of Americans against themselves."
- Marc Sumner 2025-05-30

Offline chyros

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #5 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 07:31:42 »
I measured the Model F spacebar at around 140 to 150 grams.  :D

The 122-key terminal is very nice and perhaps even marginally lighter than the Model M space bar.
The ****ing stab clips though xD . Oh well, fortunately mine are now fixed :) .

In truth, the F122 is near-perfect, it's an absolutely stunning board in every way.
Check my keyboard video reviews:


Offline mike52787

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #6 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 13:53:40 »
I measured the Model F spacebar at around 140 to 150 grams.  :D

The 122-key terminal is very nice and perhaps even marginally lighter than the Model M space bar.
The ****ing stab clips though xD . Oh well, fortunately mine are now fixed :) .

In truth, the F122 is near-perfect, it's an absolutely stunning board in every way.
except for the fact that mine doesnt work even with an xwhatsit

Offline chyros

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #7 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 14:22:45 »
I measured the Model F spacebar at around 140 to 150 grams.  :D

The 122-key terminal is very nice and perhaps even marginally lighter than the Model M space bar.
The ****ing stab clips though xD . Oh well, fortunately mine are now fixed :) .

In truth, the F122 is near-perfect, it's an absolutely stunning board in every way.
except for the fact that mine doesnt work even with an xwhatsit
Why not just use an Orihalcon cable? Oo
Check my keyboard video reviews:


Offline mike52787

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #8 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 14:24:17 »
I measured the Model F spacebar at around 140 to 150 grams.  :D

The 122-key terminal is very nice and perhaps even marginally lighter than the Model M space bar.
The ****ing stab clips though xD . Oh well, fortunately mine are now fixed :) .

In truth, the F122 is near-perfect, it's an absolutely stunning board in every way.
except for the fact that mine doesnt work even with an xwhatsit
Why not just use an Orihalcon cable? Oo
The controller in mine was ****ed. plus the xwhatsit is cheaper and outputs scancodes from the functioncluster on the left

Offline chyros

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #9 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 16:12:18 »
I measured the Model F spacebar at around 140 to 150 grams.  :D

The 122-key terminal is very nice and perhaps even marginally lighter than the Model M space bar.
The ****ing stab clips though xD . Oh well, fortunately mine are now fixed :) .

In truth, the F122 is near-perfect, it's an absolutely stunning board in every way.
except for the fact that mine doesnt work even with an xwhatsit
Why not just use an Orihalcon cable? Oo
The controller in mine was ****ed. plus the xwhatsit is cheaper and outputs scancodes from the functioncluster on the left
Ah! Yes, that would explain it xD . I'm really not sure why mine doesn't detect all the keys or how to do anything about it Oo .
Check my keyboard video reviews:


Offline fohat.digs

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #10 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 16:54:28 »

I'm really not sure why mine doesn't detect all the keys or how to do anything about it.

In the main Soarer thread, reply #560 (I memorized it because I have referred people to it so often) wcass gives a clean and simple way to re-program a Soarer's/Teensy. Orihalcon's cables don't have a reset button like a real Teensy, but I think that this may work on them, too.

You can find the complete code list in Soarer's ".docs" (use index.html).
"However, even though I was born in the Mesozoic, I do know what anyone who wants to reach out to young people should say: Billionaires took your money. They took your chance to buy a home. They took your chance at a good education. They stole your opportunities. Billionaires took the things you want in life. If you really want those things, you have to take them back.
That's the message. That's the whole message. Say that every day, not just to reach America's frustrated young white men, but people of every age, race, and gender.
Late-stage capitalism is a wealth-concentration engine, focused on vacuuming up every dollar and putting it in as few hands as possible. Republicans are helping that vacuum suck.
How does a tiny fraction of the population get away with this? They do it by dividing the other 99% of Americans against themselves."
- Marc Sumner 2025-05-30

Offline chyros

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #11 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 19:38:16 »

I'm really not sure why mine doesn't detect all the keys or how to do anything about it.

In the main Soarer thread, reply #560 (I memorized it because I have referred people to it so often) wcass gives a clean and simple way to re-program a Soarer's/Teensy. Orihalcon's cables don't have a reset button like a real Teensy, but I think that this may work on them, too.

You can find the complete code list in Soarer's ".docs" (use index.html).
I wouldn't even know where to begin though, they don't even send scancodes Oo .
Check my keyboard video reviews:


Offline fohat.digs

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #12 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 21:15:40 »

I wouldn't even know where to begin though, they don't even send scancodes Oo .

Really? Did you use hid_listen? (also in Soarer's stuff)

Maybe you have some broken traces.
"However, even though I was born in the Mesozoic, I do know what anyone who wants to reach out to young people should say: Billionaires took your money. They took your chance to buy a home. They took your chance at a good education. They stole your opportunities. Billionaires took the things you want in life. If you really want those things, you have to take them back.
That's the message. That's the whole message. Say that every day, not just to reach America's frustrated young white men, but people of every age, race, and gender.
Late-stage capitalism is a wealth-concentration engine, focused on vacuuming up every dollar and putting it in as few hands as possible. Republicans are helping that vacuum suck.
How does a tiny fraction of the population get away with this? They do it by dividing the other 99% of Americans against themselves."
- Marc Sumner 2025-05-30

Offline Melvang

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #13 on: Tue, 06 September 2016, 23:48:32 »
Have you tried a different xwhatsit?  I have gotten a bad one.  The utility wouldn't even see it.  Replaced it, worked like a champ.
OG Kishsaver, Razer Orbweaver clears and reds with blue LEDs, and Razer Naga Epic.   "Great minds crawl in the same sewer"  Uncle Rich

Offline mike52787

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #14 on: Wed, 07 September 2016, 06:09:26 »
Have you tried a different xwhatsit?  I have gotten a bad one.  The utility wouldn't even see it.  Replaced it, worked like a champ.
the utility detects it just fine, but I get no scancodes from the board, and it doesnt even show the keypresses on the matrix in the utility.  strange.

Offline fohat.digs

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #15 on: Wed, 07 September 2016, 09:06:49 »

Have you tried a different xwhatsit?  I have gotten a bad one.  The utility wouldn't even see it.  Replaced it, worked like a champ.

the utility detects it just fine, but I get no scancodes from the board,

hid_listen sees the Teensy, xwhatsit, whatever, not the keyboard itself. If it sees the controller but no scan codes, then the problem is probably behind the xwhatsit.

I have never soldered in an xwhatsit myself (although I have 2 laying around that are going into projects whenever I get around to them) but I would look at the connections as the first order of business.
"However, even though I was born in the Mesozoic, I do know what anyone who wants to reach out to young people should say: Billionaires took your money. They took your chance to buy a home. They took your chance at a good education. They stole your opportunities. Billionaires took the things you want in life. If you really want those things, you have to take them back.
That's the message. That's the whole message. Say that every day, not just to reach America's frustrated young white men, but people of every age, race, and gender.
Late-stage capitalism is a wealth-concentration engine, focused on vacuuming up every dollar and putting it in as few hands as possible. Republicans are helping that vacuum suck.
How does a tiny fraction of the population get away with this? They do it by dividing the other 99% of Americans against themselves."
- Marc Sumner 2025-05-30

Offline Tangtawan

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #16 on: Wed, 07 September 2016, 14:01:47 »
for the first few days, i also felt that it was too ****ing heavy. But after Im used to it.. the weight is superb and makes the entire board feels more solid. Maybe you should keep using it stock for a week or two and see if you can adjust to the weight or not.
My boards : Model F AT (6450200), Industrial M (1394950), Model M SSK (1391472), Model M13 (13H6705), Model M (1390131), Focus FK-2001 (ALPS SKCM Blue), HHKB Pro 2, Realforce 87U 55g, KBP V80 Matias Click, TADA68 (Gateron Reds), Filco Majestouch 2 TKL (67g Ergo Clears), Cherry G80-11800 (Ergo Clears), KBT One 108 (MX White), Ducky One TKL RGB (MX Black), Filco Majestouch Tenkeypad (MX Brown), Leopold FC210TP (MX Red)

Offline Melvang

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #17 on: Thu, 08 September 2016, 00:35:39 »
Either way, if you want to lighten up the space bar, you will have to open up the plates.  DO NOT , I repeat DO NOT remove the space bar without separating the pates and unhooking the stab wire from the bottom.

There are youtube videos on how to re assemble it easy, but it requires the use of a thin string or fishing line to hold the space bar flipper in place to reassemble because you have to hook the wire back up to the space bar before assembling the plates.
OG Kishsaver, Razer Orbweaver clears and reds with blue LEDs, and Razer Naga Epic.   "Great minds crawl in the same sewer"  Uncle Rich

Offline ekeppel

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #18 on: Wed, 07 December 2016, 09:39:39 »
I know this is an old thread, but I wanted to share what I did to lighten the spring on my Model F AT recently, since I have not read of anyone else doing this particular mod.

On my XT, I was able to just straighten one of the bends slightly as referred to in previous posts, and it lightened the key right up without any other issues.

However, my AT was a different story for some reason.  It seemed that no matter how I tried to bend the wire, it wasn't working for me.  When I got the wire bent enough to lighten the feel, then the center portion under the flipper would tend to hold the flipper up cause continuous false triggering - not good.  There were probably lots of small bends in the wire from my many previous attempts, which made it hard to get the angles just right.

What I finally ended up doing was widening the two little center wire holders / channels by about 1mm.  Just cut off a tiny nibble of each so that the stabilizer doesn't need to bend so much.  Then after straightening the stabilizer wire completely straight, reassemble everything.  I know that many people use fishing line or similar to hold the flipper while reassembling, but I have found it much simpler to just use a small plastic spudger to hold it in place while installing the pcb.

The photo below is from JBert's spacebar mod post on DT with added highlighting of the little pieces to be removed.

154851-0

With the wire allowed to pass nearly straight through from one side of the barrel holder to the other without as much bend, the excessive tension on the key was relieved and the flipper also could lie flat over it as originally designed, i.e. no more false triggering.  I was surprised how much difference removing just 1mm of material and straightening the wire made.  It's made this keyboard a lot more comfortable for me, that's for sure.   Hopefully this post proves useful to someone else who is struggling with a similar situation. :-)

Eric

Offline need

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #19 on: Thu, 08 December 2016, 12:21:01 »
I know this is an old thread, but I wanted to share what I did to lighten the spring on my Model F AT recently, since I have not read of anyone else doing this particular mod.

On my XT, I was able to just straighten one of the bends slightly as referred to in previous posts, and it lightened the key right up without any other issues.

However, my AT was a different story for some reason.  It seemed that no matter how I tried to bend the wire, it wasn't working for me.  When I got the wire bent enough to lighten the feel, then the center portion under the flipper would tend to hold the flipper up cause continuous false triggering - not good.  There were probably lots of small bends in the wire from my many previous attempts, which made it hard to get the angles just right.

What I finally ended up doing was widening the two little center wire holders / channels by about 1mm.  Just cut off a tiny nibble of each so that the stabilizer doesn't need to bend so much.  Then after straightening the stabilizer wire completely straight, reassemble everything.  I know that many people use fishing line or similar to hold the flipper while reassembling, but I have found it much simpler to just use a small plastic spudger to hold it in place while installing the pcb.

The photo below is from JBert's spacebar mod post on DT with added highlighting of the little pieces to be removed.

(Attachment Link)

With the wire allowed to pass nearly straight through from one side of the barrel holder to the other without as much bend, the excessive tension on the key was relieved and the flipper also could lie flat over it as originally designed, i.e. no more false triggering.  I was surprised how much difference removing just 1mm of material and straightening the wire made.  It's made this keyboard a lot more comfortable for me, that's for sure.   Hopefully this post proves useful to someone else who is struggling with a similar situation. :-)

Eric
that seems so much work  :confused:

Offline ekeppel

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #20 on: Thu, 08 December 2016, 12:27:12 »
On either the XT or AT, it took me about 30 minutes to pull all the keycaps, open the board up, make adjustments, and then reassemble.  I'm not very experienced at it, so I'm sure others can do it a lot faster.  Even if it were to take someone a couple of hours, it's worth the effort in my opinon.

I haven't had an F122 open yet, but hopefully I won't need to, lol.  :-X

Offline fohat.digs

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #21 on: Thu, 08 December 2016, 12:38:28 »

I haven't had an F122 open yet, but hopefully I won't need to, lol.  :-X


The space bar on the 122-key terminal is standard, same size and shape as the M but with a thinner wire.
"However, even though I was born in the Mesozoic, I do know what anyone who wants to reach out to young people should say: Billionaires took your money. They took your chance to buy a home. They took your chance at a good education. They stole your opportunities. Billionaires took the things you want in life. If you really want those things, you have to take them back.
That's the message. That's the whole message. Say that every day, not just to reach America's frustrated young white men, but people of every age, race, and gender.
Late-stage capitalism is a wealth-concentration engine, focused on vacuuming up every dollar and putting it in as few hands as possible. Republicans are helping that vacuum suck.
How does a tiny fraction of the population get away with this? They do it by dividing the other 99% of Americans against themselves."
- Marc Sumner 2025-05-30

Offline need

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #22 on: Thu, 08 December 2016, 12:39:56 »
On either the XT or AT, it took me about 30 minutes to pull all the keycaps, open the board up, make adjustments, and then reassemble.  I'm not very experienced at it, so I'm sure others can do it a lot faster.  Even if it were to take someone a couple of hours, it's worth the effort in my opinon.

I haven't had an F122 open yet, but hopefully I won't need to, lol.  :-X
Back plate needs to be separated right?
I'm afraid of separating the plates as the foam is starting to disintegrate...
I also saw somewhere said that you need some clamps to hold them together while assembling.
It sounds like a tough process, I'm surprised you can do it in 30minutes.  :-\

Offline ekeppel

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #23 on: Thu, 08 December 2016, 13:37:30 »
The space bar on the 122-key terminal is standard, same size and shape as the M but with a thinner wire.

Yeah, I'm glad about the F122 space bar, but replacing the foam on one looks like it would be a chore.  That thing is such a beast!  :eek:

Back plate needs to be separated right?
I'm afraid of separating the plates as the foam is starting to disintegrate...
I also saw somewhere said that you need some clamps to hold them together while assembling.
It sounds like a tough process, I'm surprised you can do it in 30minutes.  :-\

Yes, unfortunately, whenever replacing foam on a Model F, the keycaps need to come off, the plates need to be separated, the barrels/flippers are removed, etc.  If you use a plastic spudger, you can slide under each barrel and lift them out pretty quickly, setting them in order on your work space, with the flippers still in them.  They go back in really quickly that way also - two at a time if you want to use both hands and have some manual dexterity, lol.  I think it took maybe 5 minutes to pull all the barrels and flippers in the AT I was working on the other day, and a little less time to put them back in.

For the XT/AT back plate removal, just get 5 or 6 little C-clamps and protect the clamp surfaces with electrical tape so you don't scratch up the top/bottom plates.  You don't need much pressure at all on the clamps.  After clamping around the edges, bend the single locking tab back a little so that the top plate will be free to slide out of the holding tabs.  Put the keyboard on end with the top plate in position to slide down, then placing a wooden block on the end of the top plate, give it a few good taps and it will move down and be released from the holding tabs.  From there, it's easy to lay it down and carefully support the assembly with a thick book on each end (or a nice wooden jig as some folks have).  Now remove the clamps, and lift off the back plate.  If you are just adjusting the space bar, you can leave the barrels and everything in place, being careful not to disturb anything, and just use a thin tool like a credit card or spudger to hold the space bar flipper in place initially while installing the back plate.

I made my own replacement foam out of kitchen shelf liner and a 1/2" hole saw bit that I sharpened into a hollow punch on a grinder, lol.  I think the shelf liner was about 1mm thick or so.  If I were to do it over again, I would buy a cheap punch set at Harbor Freight and use a slightly smaller punch so that the barrels fit more snugly in the holes to begin with.

It could be that my AT had a poorly bent top plate, but no matter what I did, a single or double layer of foam over the entire board didn't make the center rows of barrels as tight as the top and bottom.  Even with two layers of foam, the top and bottom rows would be nice and tight, but the rows to the center would be slightly loose.  Looking at the side profile of the top plate attached to the bottom plate, it was obvious on that the gap increased toward the center of the board, being the biggest right about where the center row of keys would lie.

To combat this, I put a single layer of shelf liner over the entire board, another layer over just the middle three rows, and then a third layer over the center row only.  It worked beautifully and the entire keyboard has a nice solid barrels with nice tight keys.  The pitch is now the same from the top of the keyboard to the bottom as well. 

In addition, building up layers on only those rows that needed it made reassembly easier.  In fact it was much easier than when I had tried just two layers on the entire board.  This makes sense due to a smaller gap at the top and bottom, so adding thickness there was counterproductive and only made it harder to clamp and reassemble.

There are already numerous tutorials and threads about how to work on the F, but that's how I've been doing it thus far.  Your mileage may vary.  ;D

« Last Edit: Thu, 08 December 2016, 13:45:45 by ekeppel »

Offline need

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #24 on: Thu, 08 December 2016, 13:57:23 »
Quote

Yes, unfortunately, whenever replacing foam on a Model F, the keycaps need to come off, the plates need to be separated, the barrels/flippers are removed, etc.  If you use a plastic spudger, you can slide under each barrel and lift them out pretty quickly, setting them in order on your work space, with the flippers still in them.  They go back in really quickly that way also - two at a time if you want to use both hands and have some manual dexterity, lol.  I think it took maybe 5 minutes to pull all the barrels and flippers in the AT I was working on the other day, and a little less time to put them back in.

For the XT/AT back plate removal, just get 5 or 6 little C-clamps and protect the clamp surfaces with electrical tape so you don't scratch up the top/bottom plates.  You don't need much pressure at all on the clamps.  After clamping around the edges, bend the single locking tab back a little so that the top plate will be free to slide out of the holding tabs.  Put the keyboard on end with the top plate in position to slide down, then placing a wooden block on the end of the top plate, give it a few good taps and it will move down and be released from the holding tabs.  From there, it's easy to lay it down and carefully support the assembly with a thick book on each end (or a nice wooden jig as some folks have).  Now remove the clamps, and lift off the back plate.  If you are just adjusting the space bar, you can leave the barrels and everything in place, being careful not to disturb anything, and just use a thin tool like a credit card or spudger to hold the space bar flipper in place initially while installing the back plate.

I made my own replacement foam out of kitchen shelf liner and a 1/2" hole saw bit that I sharpened into a hollow punch on a grinder, lol.  I think the shelf liner was about 1mm thick or so.  If I were to do it over again, I would buy a cheap punch set at Harbor Freight and use a slightly smaller punch so that the barrels fit more snugly in the holes to begin with.

It could be that my AT had a poorly bent top plate, but no matter what I did, a single or double layer of foam over the entire board didn't make the center rows of barrels as tight as the top and bottom.  Even with two layers of foam, the top and bottom rows would be nice and tight, but the rows to the center would be slightly loose.  Looking at the side profile of the top plate attached to the bottom plate, it was obvious on that the gap increased toward the center of the board, being the biggest right about where the center row of keys would lie.

To combat this, I put a single layer of shelf liner over the entire board, another layer over just the middle three rows, and then a third layer over the center row only.  It worked beautifully and the entire keyboard has a nice solid barrels with nice tight keys.  The pitch is now the same from the top of the keyboard to the bottom as well. 

In addition, building up layers on only those rows that needed it made reassembly easier.  In fact it was much easier than when I had tried just two layers on the entire board.  This makes sense due to a smaller gap at the top and bottom, so adding thickness there was counterproductive and only made it harder to clamp and reassemble.

There are already numerous tutorials and threads about how to work on the F, but that's how I've been doing it thus far.  Your mileage may vary.  ;D

Thanks a lot for sharing your method. Right now I'm too lazy to do that much work for just the spacebar, but I'll eventually get to it... ^-^

I'm wondering why IBM made it that heavy at the first place, especially for a button to be clicked so often. It just doesn't make much sense to me.
« Last Edit: Thu, 08 December 2016, 14:00:44 by need »

Offline fohat.digs

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Re: Lighten Model F spacebar?
« Reply #25 on: Thu, 08 December 2016, 14:13:12 »

I'm wondering why IBM made it that heavy at the first place, especially for a button to be clicked so often. It just doesn't make much sense to me.


The mile-long space bar on the small Fs is ridiculous. The refurb project is tedious but if you have moderate skills you can do it.

https://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=48786.msg1048948#msg1048948
"However, even though I was born in the Mesozoic, I do know what anyone who wants to reach out to young people should say: Billionaires took your money. They took your chance to buy a home. They took your chance at a good education. They stole your opportunities. Billionaires took the things you want in life. If you really want those things, you have to take them back.
That's the message. That's the whole message. Say that every day, not just to reach America's frustrated young white men, but people of every age, race, and gender.
Late-stage capitalism is a wealth-concentration engine, focused on vacuuming up every dollar and putting it in as few hands as possible. Republicans are helping that vacuum suck.
How does a tiny fraction of the population get away with this? They do it by dividing the other 99% of Americans against themselves."
- Marc Sumner 2025-05-30