I would try reinstalling VLC first, it should reinstall the required programs.
If that fails, I would check the Event Viewer, look for anything odd, I doubt you will find much relating to the problem, but you might.
Before moving on, I would grab something that can read the SMART data from your drive. I like using Defraggler (health tab), and look at the number of sectors waiting to be written, number corrected and number of uncorrectable counts. Look at the raw data, not the numbers. If there is anything in the raw data start worrying. I say raw data because every drive company interprets the data differently, so it's not accurate, however raw data is raw data, anything there, is not good and indicative of a drive issue. If that looks good, great, if not, start backing up data now before you do anything else. A problem doesn't mean imminent death, but you need to backup before you start messing with anything else and creating more problems.
Once that is done, and your drive is okay, start with Super Anti-Spyware and Malwarebytes, I also like to use Combofix and Tdsskiller. Reboot and try the program again. If you run an anti-virus, don't bother scanning, but if you don't run one, get one and run it. Doesn't matter which one, they aren't very effective at catching much, but they are cheap insurance.
Last thing I would do is grab a program that keep Win10 at bay and remove the Win10 Telemetry imported into Win 7 and 8. Lately I've been using this as it is easier than doing it all by hand. MS is being extremely aggressive regarding Win10 updating.
https://github.com/Nummer/Destroy-Windows-10-Spying/releasesBeware, there is multiple versions of update KB3035583, there are at least 2 versions, but one was sent as an optional update, then re-issued, then issued as a recommended update, if you uninstall one, it reverts to an older version. This is the one that puts the Win10 Icon in your tray and gives you popups telling you to update. You may need to remove it or run that program more than once to completely remove KB3035583.