There do exist 2×2u keys for Point-Of-Sale keyboards (i.e. cash registers), but those keys fit four switches in a grid. You'd have to use very light springs, or remove springs from some of the switches, and the key would be quite wobbly either way.
I don't think I have ever seen any 1.25×1.25u or 1.5×1.5u keycaps for sale separately.
However, some vintage electronic typewriters have had had four 1×1.25u function keys in a column spanning five rows. (4×1.25 = 5)
There has also been the odd mechanical keyboard that has had a fat space-bar, with one or more matching modifier keys.
The very ugly
Freewrite Wordrunner has a fat Alt Gr key that is almost 1.25×1.25u.