It, primarily, has to do with the hdd's firmware settings. As mentioned in comments off some of the links you posted, Ubuntu (linux) simply offers the ability to see and modify the hdd's settings (and Ubuntu, by default, does not change the hdd's default behavior).
If you read customer feedback on sites such as Newegg, it's easy to pick out which hdd's are "overly aggressive" in their power management...just look for all the comments complaining about clicking! I simply avoid these laptop drives.