Japanese:
The Hidden Fortress (1958) by Akira Kurosawa. This is the samurai movie that George Lucas ripped off to make the original Star Wars. It has sword fights. It has the princess. It has the rescue. It even has the two idiotic gay servants who became the droids in Lucas' sci-fi ripoff version. (It's also better than Star Wars, and I'm actually a Star Wars fan.)
Dersu Uzala (1975) by Akira Kurosawa. Filmed in Russia, during the cold war. Greatness in every shot. So much awesome.
All of the other Kurosawa films are awesome, and are better than anything you have ever seen, including but not limited to Seven Samurai, Yojimbo, and Rashomon.
French:
Rififi (1955) by Jules Dassin. You think you know caper movies? You know nothing.
The 400 Blows (1959) by Francois Truffaut. The real deal. French films don't get Frenchier than this.
Le Samourai (1967) by Jean-Pierre Melville. Wow. I don't have words.
Going Places (1974) by Bertrand Blier. Gerard Depardieu, before he became a fat jackass. Miou Miou. Undeclared class warfare. The '70's. So great.
Italian:
La Dolce Vita (1960) by Federico Fellini. One of the greatest films of all time. (And it gave us the word Paparazzi.)
8 1/2 (1963) by Federico Fellini. It's great. Beyond great. What a movie could be, if you would let it.
There is one last Italian film, that I hate to mention. Is it great? I don't think so exactly. Disturbing? Somewhat. Memorable? Most definitely. I saw this film almost 20 years ago, and it still haunts me to this day. I can still remember it vividly. Maybe it's just me, I dunno. Maybe not. The director was murdered by someone who was disturbed by this film. The film is, Salo: 120 Days of Sodom (1975) by Pier Paolo Passolini. I don't exactly recommend seeing it. But you will never forget it if you do.
There are many more films from other countries, but this is all I have time for right now. Except I will leave you with the Russian film, Battleship Potemkin (1926) by Sergei Eisenstein. Simply great. And not horrible like Salo. Also I forgot to mention Ingmar Bergman. All great. Wild Strawberries or Virgin Spring would be great places to start.