I suspect that's a 5V regulator on the left with the heatsink, which would mean that the terminal supplied the keyboard with more than 5V (probably 12V). What's the part number on it?
There's some protocol info in the
1982 Cherrry catalogue, but not detailed and may well not apply to this particular module.
Latest (readable) datecode on the chips is 8523 = mid-1985.
Even if you work out the protocol, it may not send release events for most keys. If that's the case, conversion would have limitations, particularly for modifier keys (something like sticky-keys would have to be used).
A sure-fire way to get it working would be to remove the CPU (and any other parts that might interfere, like the regulator) and replace it with a Teensy or similar - there's multiple firmwares you could choose from these days

Or you could venture into programming 8039 assembly and make a new EPROM to plug in
