Surely it would be easiest to use some laptop pad and figure out how the protocol works?
Almost always PS/2.
However its hard to find datasheets / pinouts from elan and alps, and almost impossible for synaptic. I have done a little looking into this and decided it's not really worth my time to figure more out, what with how cheap they are nowadays.
on to the topic at hand: You can look at datasheets for capacitive sense controllers for trackapds / phones . This idea was floated around a little bit with respect to model F / beamspring capsense a few years ago, Unfortunately they are usually too "slow" to be good for keyboard use. However they are just right for trackpad use!
Anyway you can take one of those, and have a look at its ratings: what sort of capacative matrix it can cover, what level of capcitance it can detect, etc. Then you can mix carbon in with your plastic case material (or something) and hook it up to the controller.
Not sure if it would work, but I'd start looking there first.