As far as I can tell, it wouldn't be possibly to actually use the Pi as a controller to connect a keyboard to another computer since the GPIO pins would only report the key inputs to the Pi when it was booted up and running, and then would have to be passed to the desktop computer somehow, but for one thing, the Pi doesn't have the ability to act as a USB HID device, and the other is that it draws a little bit too much power to run off a computer USB port reliably. I have tired it and it will work sometimes, but only on high amperage ports.
I don't know about the A+ but the original model A could act as a USB slave as it has a direct connection from the SoC to the USB A port where the model B has a USB hub/LAN chip in the way - see
here.
As for power the model A uses less because it doesn't have the extra chip - I've used one extensively (actually mine's a B with the USB chip removed - extra RAM means slightly more power needed than a real A) in command prompt on USB power and never had a crash, but I may just have good ports everywhere.
What you'd have to do to make it work I have little idea so I asked about it
here, but as you can see the idea was met with less than helpful replies so I quickly gave up on it and got a Teensy. Seems the comments improved.
I'm busy now but I think this is a project for next year. Now I don't have a keyboard to fix though...
)