I have a Maine Coon breed cat, thus he's extremely hairy. He throws up all the time, and it's usually not a big deal. Usually it just takes a bit for them to compose themselves afterwards, and there could just be some leftovers hanging around in there. Frankly, it's a good thing he's vomiting up the hair instead of it attempting to pass further through his system. He may be overeating/eating too fast as well, on top of having the hairballs.
I would just look for special food that helps hair balls/digestion. I also keep cat grass in my house for all my cats, which can also help. Doesn't seem like a big deal overall, but if you're concerned (and if you can afford a vet) I would just go to one just in case.