Shampooing will not likely not make you go bald (wearing a hat or tight braids/dreads can!), however, excessive shampooing, especially with todays harsher shampoos (sulfates are EVIL) can and do strip out essential vitamins and oils, hence needing more/stronger conditioners to replace all the nutrients you just stripped out.
Which is why TP your hair feels nasty after 3 days without conditioner. Use a milder shampoo, that will help, but don't expect results immediately. Your hair adapts to your routine, however, not always in ways you like. You need to find a schedule and/or shampoo/conditioner mixture you can both agree on. Also, shampoo is not actually for your hair, never really has been, it's for your scalp (scrub the scalp not the hair!), rinsing it from your scalp and flowing through your hair is all your hair needs to get clean. Even then, it's mostly the water doing the work
Unless you get dirty, sweaty, work in a smoky or smog filled environment or just tend to stink, you probably don't need to shampoo or even shower daily and many people find their hair is at it's best the day after they wash it. Personally, with my hair (down to small of my back), I would go broke paying for conditioner if I used it daily. It takes a lot more effort and worse, is drying it, ideally, at this length, you don't want to curl or use a blow dryer because that damage can take years to grow out or just get compounded. Once you get to the shoulder blades how you wash and dry, even how you sit and sleep has to change to keep from pulling or breaking the hair, I even got satin pillows because it's easier on your hair.
As for people shampooing once a week...
This was common until TV became popular and only changed because soap and shampoo companies told people they should do it daily with their commercials.
However, there are people with long hair who go entirely without shampoo (called the "no poo movement") and only use conditioner (and possibly a light shampoo), and no, they don't stink. Again, hair will adapt to your regime, in this case once your hair stabilizes the oils in your scalp and hair, and the water rinses off anything stuck to it similar to how non-domesticated animals do it. It's totally normal. However, because of using heavy shampoos, most peoples hair gets NASTY and really oily at first because their hair/scalp is used to replenished stripped hairs nutrients at an accelerated rate, but after a couple weeks it goes back to normal. Some people have even found their dandruff problem goes away when they stop using shampoo.
